常见兵器：弩

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栏目：武器
2014-02-07
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网络孔子学院

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古兵器之一，机械发射的弓。据说，战国时期楚琴氏发明弩机，“横弓着臂，施机设枢，加之以力，可以及远”。宋代很注重发展弩，《宋史?兵志》有多处记载弩的制造和改进，时有踏张弩和床弩两种。踏张弩有黑漆弩、黄桦弩、白桦弩、雌华梢弩、跳蹬弩、木弩等。所用的箭有点钢、木羽、凤羽、朴头、三停等名称，比一般的箭坚牢。如木羽箭，杆和羽都是木制的，射中人身，牢不可拔，“去杆而镞留”。宋神宗熙宁元年(1068)，李宏发明一种踏张弩，名叫神臂弓。《宋史》记载其形制性能说：“身长三尺三寸，弦长一尺五寸，箭木羽长数寸，射三百四十余步，入榆木半。”

Akindofancientweaponsandmechanicallyshootingbows.ThelegendhasitthatChuQininventedcrossbowsintheWarringStatesPeriod.“Puttingthecrossbowhorizontallyunderonearm,mountinganarrowonitandshootingthearrowfarwithstrength.”DevelopmentofcrossbowswasmuchemphasizedintheSongDynastyandtherearemanyrecordsaboutmanufactureandimprovementofcrossbowsintheHistoryoftheSongDynasty:MilitaryRecords.TherewereTazhangcrossbowsandChuangcrossbowsatthattime.Theformerincludesblackpaintcrossbows,yellowbirchcrossbows,whitebirchcrossbows,Cihuashaocrossbows,Tiaodengcrossbows,woodencrossbows,etc.Arrowsusedarecalledpointsteel,woodfeather,phoenixfeather,PutouandSantingandarefirmerthanordinaryarrows.Forexample,bothrodsandfeatureofwoodfeaturearrowsaremadeofwoodandthearrowscannotbepulledoutafterbeingshotintothebody.“Thearrowheadwillbeleftinthebodyevenaftertherodisremoved.”InthefirstyearofSongEmperorXiNing(1068),LiHonginventedakindofTaz